Beamforming is a signal enhancement technique used in multi-antenna systems. When the beamforming technology is used in the multi-antenna system, the transmitter can effectively superposition the signal in the direction of the receiver by adjusting the phase and amplitude of each transmitting antenna, so as to obtain stronger signal gain, significantly improve the received signal-to-noise ratio and improve the signal quality, so as to effectively resist the signal attenuation caused by fading and propagation loss. From the perspective of antenna pattern, this is equivalent to forming a narrow beam in the specified direction, and converting the original omnidirectional pattern into a narrow lobe pattern with zero and maximum direction. The same principle is also applied to the receiver, which improves the system gain by adjusting the phase and amplitude of the received signal. Due to the mobility of both communication parties and the scattering environment, the channel is highly time-varying. Under corresponding conditions, the channel parameters need to be accurately obtained and fed back. Adaptive beamforming technology is adopted to form the best directional pattern according to the different paths of the communication parties in space, and different gains are given in different arrival directions. In real time, a narrow beam is formed to target each other, while the sidelobe is as low as possible in the other direction, so as to obtain higher system gain and improve the capacity of the system.
